How to install Windows 10 over PXE Linux Server

Discover how to install Windows 10 over PXE Linux server in just a few steps! Don’t miss out—learn the efficient, sysadmin-friendly method to deploy Windows OS remotely like a pro. #centlinux #linux #pxe

Problem Statement

In our previous posts, we have configured a PXE boot server for automated installation of RHEL 7.5 operating system that supports both BIOS and UEFI based clients. Later on, we added RHEL 6 and Ubuntu 18.10 installation options in our PXE boot server. We have also written Kickstart files for automated installations of both operating systems.

Before concluding our PXE configuration series, we decided to write an article to add the installation option of a Microsoft’s operating system. Therefore, we have selected the Microsoft Windows 10 (the latest OS at the time of this writeup) as the candidate for our PXE boot server.

Linux Server Specification

In this article, we will install Windows 10 over PXE Server.

We use the same Linux server that we have configured as PXE Boot Server in our previous article. These specifications have been re-mentioned below for convenience of the readers.

• CPU – 2 Core (2.4 Mhz)
• Memory – 2 GB
• Storage – 50 GB
• Operating System – RHEL 7.5
• Hostname – pxe-server.itlab.com
• IP Address – 192.168.116.41/24

Furthermore, we need a client system to create Windows PE iso file. Here, we are using a MS Windows 8.1 machine for this purpose, however, you can use other versions of MS Windows as well (be noted that configurations are slightly different in MS Windows versions prior to 8.1).

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Read Also: How to install Linux over PXE Server

Install Samba Server on Linux

We used Samba server to share installation media of MS Windows 10 Operating System with PXE clients.

Connect to pxe-server.itlab.com using ssh and install Samba server.

yum install -y samba

Create a directory to share Windows 10 installation media.

mkdir /smbshare

Adjust SELinux permissions.

semanage fcontext -a '/smbshare(/.*)?' -t samba_share_t
restorecon -Rv /smbshare

Create an user to control access to Samba share.

useradd -s /sbin/nologin ahmer
smbpasswd -a ahmer

Change owner of the shared directory with user ahmer.

chown ahmer:ahmer /smbshare/

Allow Samba service in Linux Firewall.

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=samba
firewall-cmd --reload

Add directives in /etc/samba/smb.conf to share the directory /smbshare with clients.

cat >> /etc/samba/smb.conf << EOF
[install]
        comment = Installation Media
        path = /smbshare
        public = yes
        writable = no
        printable = no
        browseable = yes
EOF

Start and enable Samba services.

systemctl start smb nmb
systemctl enable smb nmb

Attach MS Windows 10 ISO/DVD and mount it at /mnt/iso (you can use any mountpoint, according to your choice).

mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/iso

Output:

mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

Copy contents of /mnt/iso to /smbshare/windows10 directory.

cp -rf /mnt/iso /smbshare/windows10

Create a Customized Windows PE ISO

Connect to MS Windows 8.1 client.

We required Windows ADK (Assessment and Deployment Kit) to create our Windows PE iso. Therefore, we have downloaded Windows ADK from Microsoft’s website and installed it on our Windows 8.1 client.

After installation, run Deployment and Imaging Tools Environment as Administrator.

Run the following command to create working directories for Win PE. (Command output has been trimmed to show only success status)

cd C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.0\Assessment and Deployment Kit\Windows Preinstallation Environment
copype x86 c:\WinPE_x86\

Output:

---
186 File(s) copied
        1 file(s) copied.
        1 file(s) copied.
        1 file(s) copied.

Success

We will customize the startup script startcmd.net, so MS Windows 10 setup will start automatically. Therefore, mount the image file and customize it accordingly.

Dism /Mount-Image /ImageFile:"c:\WinPE_x86\media\sources\boot.wim" /index:1 /MountDir:"c:\WinPE_x86\mount"

Output:

Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool
Version: 6.2.9200.16384

Mounting image
[==========================100.0%==========================]
The operation completed successfully.

Now, edit startnet.cmd.

notepad c:\WinPE_x86\mount\Windows\System32\Start\net.cmd

And add following lines therein.

wpeinit 
net use z: \\192.168.116.41\install\windows10 /user:ahmer@123
z:\setup.exe

Save and unmount the image file.

Dism /Unmount-Image /MountDir:"c:\WinPE_x86\mount" /commit

Output:

Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool
Version: 6.2.9200.16384

Saving image
[==========================100.0%==========================]
Unmounting image
[==========================100.0%==========================]
The operation completed successfully.

Generate winpe.iso file.

MakeWinPEMedia /ISO c:\WinPE_x86 c:\winpe.iso

Output:

Creating c:\winpe.iso...

100% complete

Success

Transfer winpe.iso file to pxe-server-itlab.com and copy it to /var/lib/tftpboot/networkboot/windows10/ directory.

Add MS Windows 10 installation option to PXE boot menu

Now, connect to pxe-server.itlab.com again using ssh.

Copy Kernel boot image for MS Windows in tftpboot directory.

cp /usr/lib/syslinux/memdisk /var/lib/tftpboot/

Edit PXE boot menu for BIOS based clients.

vi /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

And add following menu option at the end of file.

label Install MS Windows 10
menu label Install MS Windows 10
kernel memdisk
initrd /networkboot/windows10/winpe.iso
append iso raw

Connect a new client to your network and turn it on. It should get the IP address from DHCP server and display our PXE boot Menu as follows:

Select Install MS Windows 10 option and press <ENTER>.

We have successfully added the MS Windows 10 installation option in our Linux based PXE server.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is PXE booting, and how does it help install Windows 10?
PXE (Preboot Execution Environment) allows a computer to boot and install an operating system over a network instead of using physical media. A Linux server can host the Windows 10 installation files for remote deployment.

Do I need a Windows server to set up PXE for Windows 10?
No, you can use a Linux server (like Ubuntu or CentOS) to configure a PXE boot environment for Windows 10 installation with the right tools and configurations.

What files are required on the Linux server for Windows 10 PXE installation?
You’ll need the Windows 10 ISO (or extracted files), a TFTP server to host boot files, a DHCP server to assign IPs, and a network share (SMB/NFS) for the Windows installation files.

Can I use PXE to install Windows 10 on multiple computers at once?
Yes! Once the PXE server is set up, any device connected to the same network can boot and install Windows 10 simultaneously (depending on network bandwidth and server capacity).

Are there any risks when installing Windows 10 over PXE?
If configured incorrectly, you might face boot failures or network issues. Ensure proper DHCP settings, correct file paths, and compatible hardware (PXE-supported network cards). Always back up data before installation.

Final Thoughts

By now, you’ve seen how straightforward it can be to install Windows 10 over a PXE Linux server. From setting up the TFTP and DHCP services to booting the Windows installer remotely, you’re just steps away from streamlining your deployment process.

If you’re still manually installing operating systems or juggling bootable USBs, you’re already falling behind. Modern sysadmins automate and scale—and PXE booting is at the heart of that transformation.

Don’t let outdated methods slow you down. Get ahead, save time, and take control of your infrastructure.

✅ Ready to level up your deployment game? Start implementing PXE boot with Linux today—your future self will thank you.

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